Micro Frontends

Understanding micro frontends helps you work with single-spa confidently. Here you will learn the core ideas behind micro frontends, see working code, and pick up best practices used on real teams.

Micro Frontends Overview

Micro Frontends is a building block you will reach for often in single-spa. It keeps related logic together and makes your intent obvious to reviewers and future maintainers.

When you learn micro frontends properly, you avoid the guesswork that leads to bugs and rework. The example below shows the shape you will use in most real single-spa projects.

import { registerApplication, start } from 'single-spa';

registerApplication({
  name: '@org/app',
  app: () => System.import('@org/app'),
  activeWhen: ['/app'],
});

start();

single-spa orchestrates multiple framework apps on one page through a root config.

Micro Frontends Example

registerApplication({
  name: '@org/app',
  app: () => System.import('@org/app'),
  activeWhen: ['/app'],
});
start();

Start from a minimal Micro Frontends example and grow it only as needed.
Keep configuration explicit so Micro Frontends behaves the same in every environment.
Name things clearly so teammates understand your Micro Frontends at a glance.
Add tests around Micro Frontends early to lock in expected behaviour.

Single-SPA Cheatsheet

Core single-spa APIs related to micro frontends.

API	Example	Purpose
registerApplication	`registerApplication({ name, app, activeWhen })`	Register a micro frontend
activeWhen	`activeWhen: ['/checkout']`	Route ownership
start	`start()`	Begin routing
bootstrap	`export async function bootstrap()`	One-time setup
mount	`export async function mount(props)`	Render the app
unmount	`export async function unmount(props)`	Clean up the app
import map	`systemjs-importmap`	Locate app bundles

How Micro Frontends Works in Single-SPA

Micro Frontends is part of how single-spa lets multiple applications — even in different frameworks — coexist on one page. A root config registers each app and controls when it is active.

single-spa orchestrates multiple framework apps on one page through a root config.

A root config registers apps and calls start().
Each app exports bootstrap, mount, and unmount lifecycles.
activeWhen decides which routes each app owns.
Import maps resolve each app's bundle at runtime.

Practical Guidance for Micro Frontends

For reliable micro frontends, micro frontends should isolate failures and keep shared state minimal. Let each team own its app end to end while agreeing on a few shared contracts.

Concern	Recommendation
Isolation	One app's crash should not break others
Shared state	Prefer shared utility modules over globals
Routing	Keep activeWhen rules explicit and non-overlapping
Deployment	Release via import-map updates per app

Common Mistakes

Skipping error handling and edge cases when wiring up micro frontends.
Leaving micro frontends untested, so regressions slip into production.
Over-engineering micro frontends before you actually need the extra flexibility.
Ignoring documentation, which makes micro frontends hard for the next developer to change.

Key Takeaways

Micro Frontends is a core part of working effectively with single-spa.
Start small and keep micro frontends focused on a single responsibility.
Apply consistent patterns so micro frontends scales across your project.
Test and document micro frontends to keep it maintainable over time.

Pro Tip

Pair micro frontends with automated tests from day one. It is far cheaper to catch single-spa regressions in CI than in production.